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In a latest research revealed within the PLOS ONE Journal, researchers investigated the affiliation between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the ABO and rhesus issue D (RhD) blood teams, utilizing knowledge from blood assortment facilities throughout eight out of 9 South African provinces.
Research: Affiliation of ABO and RhD blood teams with the danger of HIV an infection. Picture Credit score: RAJCREATIONZS/Shutterstock.com
Background
Regardless of the outstanding progress made within the detection, therapy, and prevention of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), together with the identification of the etiological agent, improved detection strategies and drug therapies, and behavioral and social interventions, HIV continues to be a big public well being burden in sub-Saharan Africa.
One of many first documented modes of HIV transmission was by way of blood transfusions, leading to obligatory HIV testing for all blood donors.
Moreover, the first purpose of the ABO blood group system and testing was to make sure that transfusions solely occurred between appropriate blood teams and that transfusion reactions had been prevented. Nonetheless, research have reported that susceptibility to varied infectious illnesses, together with viral illnesses, is linked to blood teams.
Varied research have reported the power of ABO antibodies to neutralize HIV and cut back susceptibility to HIV infections. Latest research on extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have additionally reported related outcomes the place interactions between incompatible ABO blood teams and the motion of ABO antibodies have decreased the coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) transmission threat.
Concerning the research
Within the current research, the researchers carried out a cross-sectional evaluation involving people donating blood for the primary time in any respect South African Nationwide Blood Service (SANBS) assortment facilities.
A donor historical past questionnaire and the SANBS database for donor data had been used to gather demographic knowledge, together with age, gender, race, geographic location, cell or mounted assortment facilities, and standing on HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV).
The blood samples from every donor had been examined for the RhD and ABO varieties utilizing an automatic analyzer, and inconclusive outcomes had been manually examined utilizing blood group agglutination checks utilizing sera for anti-A, anti-B, anti-D, and anti-AB and the suitable purple cell antigen reagents.
Moreover, serological and nucleic acid amplification checks had been used to display screen the donated blood samples for HBV, HCV, and HIV. Immunoblot assays had been used to additional check the discordant samples for the serological and nucleic acid amplification checks.
Optimistic outcomes on the serological and nucleic acid amplification checks or throughout the repeated or confirmatory serological or nucleic acid amplification checks had been used to categorise the donors as HIV optimistic.
Outcomes
The outcomes reported that the HIV prevalence among the many 515,945 examined first-time donors was 1.12%, and the RhD-positive blood group was weakly related to HIV an infection susceptibility. No associations had been noticed between HIV infections and the ABO blood teams.
Within the unadjusted analyses, the blood teams AB, B, and O had been related to HIV an infection greater than the blood group A, and HIV an infection was strongly related to the RhD-positive blood sort.
When the analyses had been adjusted for age, race, intercourse, donation website, province, and HBV and HCV standing, the affiliation between the RhD-positive blood group and HIV an infection turned statistically borderline and weak, whereas no affiliation was noticed between any phenotype of the ABO blood group system and HIV an infection.
Nonetheless, HIV an infection was related considerably with age above 20 years, feminine intercourse, cell donation assortment facilities, black race, province of donation, and optimistic standing for HCV and HBV. No important interactions had been discovered between race teams and the ABO and RhD phenotypes.
Whereas the weak affiliation between RhD-positive blood varieties and HIV susceptibility is assumed to end result from residual confounding, different research indicated decrease charges of HIV an infection amongst RhD-negative people.
Due to this fact, the researchers consider that there may very well be a level of safety provided by the absence of the RhD antigen or that the RhD antigen in RhD-positive blood varieties might doubtlessly offer viral receptor websites to HIV, growing the susceptibility to HIV infections.
Conclusions
General, the findings indicated no associations between any of the ABO blood teams and susceptibility to HIV.
Moreover, whereas weak associations had been noticed between the RhD-positive blood sort and HIV prevalence, the researchers consider that this may very well be a results of residual confounding.
The outcomes advised that polymorphisms within the ABO blood group system play no position in growing or reducing the susceptibility to HIV.
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